state-began westward expansion, looking for arable land by following the Iroquois. After the American Revolution, the Province of New York-now a U.S. After the French and Indian War, the region was ruled by Britain. A small French settlement along Buffalo Creek lasted for only a year (1758). Baron de Lahontan visited the site of Buffalo in 1687. In 1679, La Salle's ship, Le Griffon, became the first to sail above Niagara Falls near Cayuga Creek. Louis Hennepin and Sieur de La Salle explored the upper Niagara and Ontario regions in the late 1670s. Native Americans did not settle along Buffalo Creek permanently until 1780, when displaced Senecas were relocated from Fort Niagara. (Centuries later, these same paths were gradually improved, then paved, then developed into major modern roads.) During the Beaver Wars in the mid-17th century the Senecas partly wiped out and partly absorbed the Erie and Neutrals in the region. The tribes used animal- and war paths to travel and move goods across what today is New York State. The Neutral grew tobacco and hemp to trade with the Iroquois, who traded furs with the French for European goods. ĭuring French exploration of the region in 1620, the region was sparsely populated and occupied by the agrarian Erie people in the south and the Wenrohronon ( Wenro) of the Neutral Nation in the north. Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries were the first Europeans to visit the area. The Woodland period began around 1000 BC, marked by the rise of the Iroquois Confederacy and the spread of its tribes throughout the state. 1630īefore the arrival of Europeans, nomadic Paleo-Indians inhabited the western New York region from the 8th millennium BCE. Pre-Columbian era to European exploration Approximate extent of Wenro territory c. Buffalo is also known for its winter weather, Buffalo wings, and three major-league sports teams: the National Football League's Buffalo Bills, the National Hockey League's Buffalo Sabres and the National Lacrosse League's Buffalo Bandits.įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Buffalo, New York. Its educational institutions include the University at Buffalo, Buffalo State University, Canisius College, D'Youville University and Medaille College. The city's cultural landmarks include the oldest urban parks system in the United States, the Buffalo AKG Art Museum, the Buffalo History Museum, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, Shea's Performing Arts Center, the Buffalo Museum of Science, and several annual festivals. In 2019, the gross domestic product of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls MSA was $53 billion (~$60.1 billion in 2022). It developed its service industries, such as health care, retail, tourism, logistics, and education, while retaining some manufacturing. Lawrence Seaway saw the city's economy decline and diversify. Later, deindustrialization and the opening of the St. During the mid-19th century, Buffalo transitioned to manufacturing, which came to be dominated by steel production. After the coming of railroads greatly reduced the canal's importance, the city became the second-largest railway hub (after Chicago). Transshipment made Buffalo the world's largest grain port of that era. The canal stimulated its growth as the primary inland port between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. In 1825, after its harbor was improved, Buffalo was selected as the terminus of the Erie Canal, which led to its incorporation in 1832. In the 18th century, Iroquois land surrounding Buffalo Creek was ceded through the Holland Land Purchase, and a small village was established at its headwaters. In the early 17th century, the French began to explore the region. Buffalo and the city of Niagara Falls together make up the two-county Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had an estimated population of 1.2 million in 2020, making it the 49th largest MSA in the United States.īefore the 17th century, the region was inhabited by nomadic Paleo-Indians who were succeeded by the Neutral, Erie, and Iroquois nations. With a population of 278,349 according to the 2020 census, Buffalo is the 2nd-largest city in New York state and the 78th-largest city in the United States. It lies in Western New York, at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, on the United States border with Canada. state of New York and the seat of Erie County.
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